沖床分類

 依(yi)照驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)不同(tong)分(fen)滑(hua)塊驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)可分(fen)為(wei)機械式與液壓式兩種，故沖床(chuang)依(yi)其(qi)運用之驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)不同(tong)分(fen)為(wei)：

 （1）機械式(shi)沖床(chuang)（MechanicalPowerPress）

 （2）液壓(ya)式(shi)沖床（HydraulicPress）

 一(yi)般板金沖壓加(jia)工，大(da)部(bu)份運用(yong)機械(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖床(chuang)。液壓式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖床(chuang)依其運用(yong)液體不同，有油壓式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖床(chuang)與(yu)水壓式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖床(chuang)，運用(yong)油壓式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖床(chuang)占(zhan)多數，水壓式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖床(chuang)則多用(yong)于巨型機械(xie)或特別機械(xie)。

 依滑(hua)塊運動(dong)(dong)(dong)方法分(fen)(fen)類有(you)單動(dong)(dong)(dong)、復動(dong)(dong)(dong)、三動(dong)(dong)(dong)等沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)，唯現(xian)今運用多者為一(yi)個(ge)滑(hua)塊之單動(dong)(dong)(dong)沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang),復動(dong)(dong)(dong)及(ji)三動(dong)(dong)(dong)沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)首要運用在汽(qi)車車體及(ji)大型(xing)加工件(jian)的引伸加工,其(qi)數量(liang)十分(fen)(fen)少。

 依滑(hua)塊驅(qu)動(dong)組織分類(lei)

 （1）曲軸式沖床（CrankPress）

 運用曲軸(zhou)組織(zhi)的(de)沖床稱(cheng)為曲軸(zhou)沖床，如圖一是曲軸(zhou)式沖床，大(da)部(bu)份的(de)機械(xie)沖床

 運(yun)用本(ben)組織(zhi)。運(yun)用曲(qu)軸(zhou)組織(zhi)多的(de)原因是，容易制作、可(ke)正(zheng)確(que)決議行(xing)程之下(xia)端位子、及滑塊活(huo)動曲(qu)線基本(ben)上(shang)實用于(yu)各(ge)種加工。因此，這種型式的(de)沖(chong)壓實用于(yu)沖(chong)切、曲(qu)折、拉伸、熱間鑄造、溫間鑄造、冷間鑄造及其它簡(jian)直所有(you)的(de)沖(chong)床(chuang)加工。

 （2）無曲軸式(shi)沖床（CranklessPress）

 無(wu)曲軸式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)又稱偏(pian)心(xin)齒輪(lun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)，圖二(er)是(shi)偏(pian)心(xin)齒輪(lun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)。曲軸式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)與偏(pian)心(xin)齒輪(lun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)兩構(gou)造之(zhi)功(gong)能的衡量，如表二(er)所示，偏(pian)心(xin)齒輪(lun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)構(gou)造的軸剛(gang)性、潤(run)滑、外表、頤養等方面(mian)優(you)于(yu)曲軸構(gou)造，缺陷則是(shi)價格較(jiao)高。行程較(jiao)長(chang)時，偏(pian)心(xin)齒輪(lun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)較(jiao)為(wei)利(li)于(yu)，而如沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)切專用機(ji)之(zhi)行程較(jiao)短的景象時，是(shi)曲軸沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)較(jiao)佳，因此(ci)小型機(ji)及高速之(zhi)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)切用沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)等也(ye)是(shi)曲軸沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)之(zhi)領域。

 （3）肘(zhou)節式沖床（KnucklePress）

 在滑塊驅動上運用(yong)肘(zhou)節組織(zhi)者稱(cheng)為肘(zhou)節式沖床(chuang)，如圖(tu)三所(suo)示(shi)。這種沖床(chuang)具有在下死點(dian)(dian)附近(jin)的滑塊速度會變得萬分緩慢（和曲軸沖床(chuang)衡量）之(zhi)獨特的滑塊活動曲線，如圖(tu)四所(suo)示(shi)。并且也正(zheng)確地(di)決議(yi)行程之(zhi)下死點(dian)(dian)位子，因此(ci)，這種沖床(chuang)適(shi)合于壓(ya)印加工及精整等之(zhi)壓(ya)縮加工，當今冷間鑄(zhu)造運用(yong)的多。

 （4）沖(chong)突式(shi)沖(chong)床（FrictionPress）

 在軌道驅動上(shang)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)沖(chong)突(tu)(tu)傳動與螺旋組織(zhi)的沖(chong)床(chuang)稱為沖(chong)突(tu)(tu)式沖(chong)床(chuang)。這種沖(chong)床(chuang)適宜鑄造(zao)、壓潰作業，也可運(yun)用(yong)(yong)于曲折、成形、拉伸(shen)等之加工(gong)，具有多用(yong)(yong)性(xing)之功能，因為價格低(di)廉，戰(zhan)前曾(ceng)被(bei)廣泛運(yun)用(yong)(yong)。因無法決議(yi)行(xing)程之下端位子、加工(gong)精度不佳、出(chu)產速度慢、操控操作錯誤時(shi)會建立過負(fu)荷(he)、運(yun)用(yong)(yong)上(shang)需求嫻熟(shu)的技術等缺陷，當今正(zheng)逐(zhu)漸(jian)的被(bei)淘汰。

 （5）螺旋式沖床（ScrewPress）

 在滑塊驅動組(zu)織上運用螺(luo)(luo)旋組(zu)織者稱為螺(luo)(luo)旋式沖床（或(huo)螺(luo)(luo)絲沖床）。

 （6）齒條式沖床(chuang)（RackPress）

 在滑(hua)塊驅動組織(zhi)上運用齒(chi)條(tiao)與小齒(chi)輪(lun)組織(zhi)者稱為(wei)齒(chi)條(tiao)式沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)。螺(luo)旋式沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)與齒(chi)條(tiao)式沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)有簡直同(tong)等的(de)(de)特(te)色(se)，其特(te)色(se)與液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)之(zhi)特(te)色(se)大致同(tong)等。曾(ceng)經是用于壓(ya)入襯套、碎屑及其它物品的(de)(de)揉捏、榨(zha)油(you)、捆包、及彈(dan)殼之(zhi)壓(ya)出（熱間之(zhi)擠薄加(jia)工）等，但當(dang)今已(yi)被液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)替(ti)代，除非極為(wei)特(te)別的(de)(de)景況之(zhi)外不再運用。

 （7）連桿式(shi)沖床（linkPress）

 在滑塊驅動組(zu)織上(shang)運用(yong)各種(zhong)連(lian)桿組(zu)織的沖(chong)(chong)床(chuang)稱(cheng)為連(lian)桿式沖(chong)(chong)床(chuang)。運用(yong)連(lian)桿組(zu)織之(zhi)(zhi)意圖(tu)，在引(yin)(yin)伸(shen)加(jia)工時一(yi)邊將拉(la)伸(shen)速度堅持(chi)于(yu)約束(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)內，一(yi)邊縮(suo)小加(jia)工之(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)期(qi)，使(shi)用(yong)縮(suo)減引(yin)(yin)伸(shen)加(jia)工之(zhi)(zhi)速度改變，加(jia)快從上(shang)死點至(zhi)加(jia)工開始點之(zhi)(zhi)挨近(jin)行程與(yu)從下死點至(zhi)上(shang)死點之(zhi)(zhi)復歸行程的速度，使(shi)其比(bi)曲軸沖(chong)(chong)床(chuang)具有更短之(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)期(qi)，以(yi)進步出(chu)產性(xing)。這(zhe)種(zhong)沖(chong)(chong)床(chuang)自古以(yi)來就被(bei)用(yong)于(yu)圓筒狀(zhuang)容(rong)器之(zhi)(zhi)深引(yin)(yin)伸(shen)，床(chuang)臺面較窄，而被(bei)用(yong)于(yu)汽車主(zhu)體面板之(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)工、床(chuang)臺面較寬。

 （8）凸輪(lun)式沖床（CamPress）

 在(zai)滑塊驅動組(zu)織上運用凸(tu)輪組(zu)織之(zhi)沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)稱(cheng)為(wei)凸(tu)輪沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)。這(zhe)種沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)的特征(zheng)是以(yi)制作(zuo)妥(tuo)當的凸(tu)輪形(xing)狀，以(yi)便(bian)容易地得到所(suo)要的滑塊活動曲線。但因凸(tu)輪組(zu)織之(zhi)性(xing)質很難傳達較大的力氣(qi)，所(suo)以(yi)這(zhe)種沖(chong)床(chuang)(chuang)能(neng)力很小。